三八婦女節(jié)的由來(lái) 國(guó)際婦女節(jié)的由來(lái)英語(yǔ)
1910年,第二次關(guān)于勞動(dòng)?jì)D女的國(guó)際會(huì)議在哥本哈根舉行。一位名叫克拉拉·蔡特金(Clara
Zetkin)(德國(guó)的社會(huì)民族黨婦女辦公室主席)的婦女提交了關(guān)于國(guó)際婦女節(jié)的議案。她提議,每個(gè)國(guó)家每年都應(yīng)該在某一天來(lái)慶祝婦女的節(jié)日,以便表達(dá)她們的要求。參加會(huì)議的100多名婦女來(lái)自世界17個(gè)國(guó)家,她們有來(lái)自工會(huì)的,社會(huì)政黨的,婦女俱樂(lè)部的,包括3名芬蘭議會(huì)選舉的女性,以一致通過(guò)的方式產(chǎn)生了國(guó)際婦女節(jié)。
In 1910 a second International Conference of Working Women was held in Copenhagen. A woman named Clara Zetkin (Leader of the ‘Women’s Office’ for the Social Democratic Party in Germany) tabled the idea of an International Women’s Day. She proposed that every year in every country there should be a celebration on the same day - a Women’s Day - to press for their demands. The conference of over 100 women from 17 countries, representing unions, socialist parties, working women’s clubs, and including the first three women elected to the Finnish parliament, greeted Zetkin’s suggestion with unanimous approval and thus International Women’s Day was the result.
1911年的第一屆婦女節(jié)超過(guò)了所有的預(yù)期。在全世界的各個(gè)角落甚至是小村莊組織召開(kāi)了會(huì)議,以至于男人們被要求放棄他們的位置給婦女們。男人們呆在家里照顧其孩子,他們的妻子,曾經(jīng)在家的家庭主婦去參加會(huì)議。
Success of the first International Women’s Day in 1911 exceeded all expectation.Meetings were organized everywhere in small towns and even the villages halls were packed so full that male workers were asked to give up their places for women.
Men stayed at home with their children for a change, and their wives, the captive housewives, went to meetings.
在最大的街道上有3萬(wàn)多名婦女在游行,警察決定把游行的橫幅標(biāo)語(yǔ)拿走才使得婦女們能有個(gè)站立的地方。在接下來(lái)的對(duì)峙中,只有在國(guó)會(huì)社會(huì)代表的幫助下才避免了流血事件。
During the largest street demonstration of 30,000 women, the police decided to remove the demonstrators’ banners so the women workers made a stand. In the scuffle that followed, bloodshed was averted only with the help of the socialist deputies in Parliament.
1913年的國(guó)際婦女節(jié)改為3月8日,這一天被保留了下來(lái),并且作為至今的國(guó)際婦女節(jié)。
In 1913 International Women’s Day was transferred to 8 March and this day has remained the global date for International Wommen’s Day ever since.
在1975年的國(guó)際婦女節(jié)上,聯(lián)合國(guó)正式給予國(guó)際婦女節(jié)官方確認(rèn),并且被許多國(guó)家的政府采納接受,現(xiàn)在國(guó)際婦女節(jié)在中國(guó),亞美尼亞,俄羅斯,阿塞拜疆,白俄羅斯,保加利亞,哈薩克斯坦,吉爾吉斯斯坦,馬其頓,摩爾多瓦,烏克蘭和越南等國(guó)家作為一個(gè)節(jié)假日。
During International Women’s Year in 1975, IWD was given official recognition by the United Nations and was taken up by many governments. International Women’s Day is marked by a national holiday in China, Armenia, Russia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and Vietnam.
第一個(gè)國(guó)際婦女節(jié)
第一個(gè)國(guó)際婦女節(jié)于1911年3月8日,由德國(guó)社會(huì)民主黨“婦女辦公室”領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人克拉拉。蔡特金發(fā)動(dòng),在哥本哈根舉行。
In 1991, a handful of men in Canada launched the “white ribbon” campaign, which delivers the message that men are opposed to some other men’s violence against women.
1991年,由一群加拿大男性公民倡議發(fā)起的“白絲帶”活動(dòng),就是關(guān)注女性、保護(hù)女性的最好例證。
Women’s Day marks the role of women in both past and the present. However , the day is not a one-day routine. The real challenge lies in the spontaneous flow of feelings – honoring and celebrating womanhood on a particular March 8 only to forget its importance the next day is sacrilegious.
“國(guó)際婦女節(jié)”意在凸顯女性在社會(huì)中的重要角色。我們最大的挑戰(zhàn)在于:3月8日這天,各種慶?;顒?dòng)大張旗鼓;3月8日之后,一切“絢麗”關(guān)注煙消云散。
世界有趣的婦女節(jié)
■瑞士“掌權(quán)日”——每年1月4日是瑞士某些地區(qū)的“婦女掌權(quán)日”,為期4天的節(jié)日中,家里大小事務(wù)全由婦女說(shuō)了算,男人統(tǒng)統(tǒng)“閉幕”。
■英國(guó)“求愛(ài)日”——每逢閏2月29日是英國(guó)舊俗中的“婦女求愛(ài)日”。這一天,婦女可以擺脫世俗的清規(guī)戒律,大膽向意中人或未拿定主意的情人示意。
■西班牙“女市長(zhǎng)節(jié)”——當(dāng)日由女性主持市政公務(wù),發(fā)號(hào)施令,男人如違抗,會(huì)被公眾群起攻之。
■日本“少女節(jié)”——3月3日是日本全國(guó)性的“少女節(jié)”,又稱“姑娘節(jié)”。這時(shí)正值紅桃報(bào)春,是女性美的象征,所以也叫“桃花節(jié)”。
■尼泊爾&印度“媽媽節(jié)”——4月,在尼泊爾有一個(gè)歷時(shí)3天的婦女節(jié),各地婦女披著紅色紗籠,成群結(jié)隊(duì)涌向首都加德滿都的帕蘇帕蒂?gòu)R。她們?cè)诔燥柫擞烧煞蚺胫蟮拿朗澈?,便在神像前大唱贊歌。印度也有一個(gè)“媽媽節(jié)”,已為人母者穿上彩色繽紛的紗籠,帶上各種首飾,這也是一年中她們最受尊重的一天。8月12日則是泰國(guó)的“媽媽節(jié)”。
■中非“母親節(jié)”——5月29日是中非的“媽媽節(jié)”,母親要帶著孩子參加游行。
■西班牙“百女節(jié)”——5月第三個(gè)星期日,訂了婚還未過(guò)門的西班牙少女們持花登高,互相祝福。
■德國(guó)“太太節(jié)”——8月23日至9月15日是德國(guó)漢堡的“太太節(jié)”,由婦女組成的演藝團(tuán)體專演一些宣傳男女平等的戲以示慶祝。